Glossary - 术语表 - Welcome To Peter Lee's Blog Website - 欢迎来到李越峰的博客网站

Total Visits: 457306; Total Glossary: 111.

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ABC - American Born Chinese

Glossary Updated on: Monday, Feb. 4, 2008
Description: 美国出生的中国人

ABC - American Broadcasting Company

Glossary Updated on: Wednesday, Jan. 23, 2008
Description: 美国广播公司

ACM - Association for Computing Machinery

Glossary Updated on: Saturday, Apr. 5, 2008
Description: (N/A)

AIDS - Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome

Glossary Updated on: Friday, Apr. 11, 2008
Description: 获得性免疫缺陷综合征（艾滋病、爱滋病、爱之病）

ALSA - Advanced Linux Sound Architecture

Glossary Updated on: Tuesday, Apr. 8, 2008
Description: (N/A)

ARM - Advance RISC Machine

Glossary Updated on: Friday, Nov. 21, 2008
Description: (N/A)

ASR - Automatic Speech Recognition

Glossary Updated on: Tuesday, Jul. 22, 2008
Description: (N/A)

ATM - Automatic Teller Machine

Glossary Updated on: Saturday, Apr. 5, 2008
Description: (N/A)

BBC - British BroadCasting

Glossary Updated on: Wednesday, Jan. 23, 2008
Description: 英国广播公司

BBS - Bulletin Board System

Glossary Updated on: Monday, Apr. 7, 2008
Description: (N/A)

BFOQ - Bona Fide Occupational Qualification

Glossary Updated on: Tuesday, Feb. 12, 2008
Description: A bona fide occupational qualification (BFOQ), in employment discrimination law in the United States, is a quality or an attribute that employers are allowed to consider when making decisions on the hiring and retention of employees–qualities that, when considered, in other contexts would be considered discriminatory and thus violating civil rights employment law.

BOC - Bank Of China

Glossary Updated on: Wednesday, Jan. 23, 2008
Description: 中国银行

CELP - Code Excited Linear Prediction

Glossary Updated on: Saturday, Jul. 19, 2008
Description: SONIC (http://cslr.colorado.edu/beginweb/speech_recognition/sonic.html) integrates the voice compression system developed by Jean-Mark Valin known as Speex 1.1.3, which is a fully open source voice compression system based on subband CELP coding (http://www.speex.org/docs/manual/speex-manual/node9.html).

CLI - Command Line Interface

Glossary Updated on: Friday, Apr. 4, 2008
Description: Also: Command Line Interpreter

CLR - Common Language Runtime

Glossary Updated on: Monday, Apr. 21, 2008
Description: Microsoft .NET

CNY - ChiNa Yuan

Glossary Updated on: Wednesday, Jan. 23, 2008
Description: CNY sometimes the same as RMB (RenMinBi)

CNY - Chinese New Year

Glossary Updated on: Wednesday, Jan. 23, 2008
Description: Chinese Translation:
中国新年（即春节）

COB - Close Of Business

Glossary Updated on: Wednesday, Jan. 23, 2008
Description: Close Of Business (Day)

CPL - Combined Programming Language

Glossary Updated on: Friday, Aug. 1, 2008
Description: (N/A)

CSLR - Center for Spoken Language Research

Glossary Updated on: Saturday, Jan. 26, 2008
Description: A Department of University of Colorado at Boulder

CU - See You

Glossary Updated on: Saturday, Dec. 29, 2007
Description: (N/A)

DARPA - Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency

Glossary Updated on: Saturday, Apr. 5, 2008
Description: (N/A)

DARPA - Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency

Glossary Updated on: Thursday, Sep. 11, 2008
Description: 国防高等研究計画局（こくぼうこうとうけんきゅうけいかくきょく）

DHL - Dalsey Hillblom and Lynn

Glossary Updated on: Tuesday, Jan. 29, 2008
Description: http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/DHL

敦豪航空货运公司，是一家創立自美國，目前為德國與美國合資的速递貨運公司，是目前世界上最大的航空速递貨運公司之一。敦豪航空货运公司於中國大陸因合作夥伴關係稱爲中外運敦豪；而在台灣部分，其早年進入台灣時曾使用洋基通運的譯名，但為了企業識別的統一，目前已捨棄中文名稱不用，直接稱呼為DHL；在香港，公司的正式注冊名稱為敦豪國際，但日常仍然使用DHL。

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DHL

DHL (originally standing for Dalsey, Hillblom and Lynn) is a Deutsche Post company of Germany that provides international shipping of documents and freight as well as contract logistics. The company was founded in 1969 by Adrian Dalsey, Larry Hillblom, and Robert Lynn.

The trio initially provided a courier service between the Continental United States and Hawaii then expanded the business from there. In 1998, Deutsche Post began to acquire shares in DHL, finally reached majority ownership in 2001, and completed the purchase in 2002.

DMA - Direct Memory Access

Glossary Updated on: Tuesday, Jun. 3, 2008
Description: (N/A)

EMI - Electromagnetic Interference

Glossary Updated on: Friday, Oct. 3, 2008
Description: (N/A)

EOB - End Of Business

Glossary Updated on: Wednesday, Jan. 23, 2008
Description: End Of Business (Day)

FCC - Face-Centered Cubic

Glossary Updated on: Saturday, Apr. 12, 2008
Description: 面心立方

FCC - Federal Communications Commission

Glossary Updated on: Saturday, Apr. 12, 2008
Description: 美国联邦通信委员会

FT - Faint

Glossary Updated on: Saturday, Dec. 29, 2007
Description: Translated into Chinese is: 晕倒！

FYI - For Your Information

Glossary Updated on: Tuesday, Dec. 25, 2007
Description: (N/A)

GAE - General American English

Glossary Updated on: Tuesday, Aug. 26, 2008
Description: (N/A)

GDP - Gross Domestic Product

Glossary Updated on: Wednesday, Jan. 23, 2008
Description: 国内生产总值

GEP - Generic Processor Board

Glossary Updated on: Saturday, Jan. 2, 2010
Description: (N/A)

GRE - Graduate Record Examination

Glossary Updated on: Wednesday, Aug. 27, 2008
Description: (N/A)

GTSC - Global Technical Support Center

Glossary Updated on: Sunday, Apr. 6, 2008
Description: (N/A)

HIV - Human Immunodeficiency Virus

Glossary Updated on: Friday, Apr. 11, 2008
Description: 人類免疫缺陷病毒

HKD - Hong Kong Dollar

Glossary Updated on: Wednesday, Jan. 23, 2008
Description: 港元

HKSAR - Hong Kong Special Administrative Region

Glossary Updated on: Thursday, Jan. 24, 2008
Description: 香港特別行政區

HMM - Hidden Markov Model

Glossary Updated on: Thursday, Jan. 24, 2008
Description: From Wiki:
http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9A%90%E9%A9%AC%E5%B0%94%E5%8F%AF%E5%A4%AB%E6%A8%A1%E5%9E%8B

隐马尔可夫模型（Hidden Markov Model，HMM）是统计模型，它用来描述一个含有隐含未知参数的马尔可夫过程。其难点是从可观察的参数中确定该过程的隐含参数。然后利用这些参数来作进一步的分析，例如模式识别。

在正常的马尔可夫模型中，状态对于观察者来说是直接可见的。这样状态变迁概率便是全部的参数。而在隐马尔可夫模型中,状态并不是直接可见的，但受状态影响的某些变量则是可见的。每一个状态在可能输出的符号上都有一概率分布。因此输出符号的序列能够透露出状态序列的一些信息。

It's not easy to understand. I was used to bd confused with the concepts of Observation & State.

IBM - International Business Machines

Glossary Updated on: Wednesday, Jan. 23, 2008
Description: （美国）商用机器公司

ICASSP - International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing

Glossary Updated on: Thursday, Jul. 3, 2008
Description: (N/A)

ICBC - Industrial and Commercial Bank of China

Glossary Updated on: Wednesday, Jan. 23, 2008
Description: 中国工商银行

IDE - Integrated Development Environment

Glossary Updated on: Tuesday, Apr. 22, 2008
Description: 集成开发坏境

IELTS - International English Langauge Testing System

Glossary Updated on: Wednesday, Aug. 27, 2008
Description: (N/A)

IOU - I Owe yoU

Glossary Updated on: Wednesday, Jan. 23, 2008
Description: 借条

IPA - International Phonetic Alphabet

Glossary Updated on: Saturday, Apr. 12, 2008
Description: 國際音標

IRA - Individual Retirement Arrangement

Glossary Updated on: Tuesday, Apr. 8, 2008
Description: (N/A)

IRS - Internal Revenue Service

Glossary Updated on: Tuesday, Apr. 8, 2008
Description: 美国国税局

ISBN - International Standard Book Number

Glossary Updated on: Monday, Feb. 11, 2008
Description: For details:
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/8/84/ISBN_Details.svg
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number
http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E6%A0%87%E5%87%86%E4%B9%A6%E5%8F%B7

ISR - Interrupt Service Routine

Glossary Updated on: Saturday, Nov. 29, 2008
Description: (N/A)

ITIN - Individual Taxpayer Identification Number

Glossary Updated on: Tuesday, Apr. 8, 2008
Description: (N/A)

JLPT - Japanese Language Proficiency Test

Glossary Updated on: Wednesday, Aug. 27, 2008
Description: 日本語能力試験
Nihongo Nouryoku Shiken

JPY - JaPanese Yen

Glossary Updated on: Wednesday, Jan. 23, 2008
Description: 日元

JRE - Java Runtime Environment

Glossary Updated on: Tuesday, Apr. 22, 2008
Description: (N/A)

LTS - Long Term Support

Glossary Updated on: Wednesday, May. 21, 2008
Description: (N/A)

LYF - Li YueFeng

Glossary Updated on: Tuesday, Dec. 25, 2007
Description: Peter Lee (Chinese Character: 李越峰, Chinese Pinyin: Yuefeng LI, Japanese Hiragana: りえつほう, Korean Letter: 이월봉)

LYF - Love You Forever

Glossary Updated on: Tuesday, Dec. 25, 2007
Description: (N/A)

MFCC - Mel-Frequency Cepstral Coefficients

Glossary Updated on: Friday, Sep. 12, 2008
Description: (N/A)

MRT - Mass Rapid Transit

Glossary Updated on: Wednesday, Feb. 4, 2009
Description: (N/A)

MSAR - Macau Special Administrative Region

Glossary Updated on: Thursday, Jan. 24, 2008
Description: (N/A)

MSC - Micro Control System

Glossary Updated on: Monday, Nov. 24, 2008
Description: (N/A)

NASA - National Aeronautics and Space Administration

Glossary Updated on: Wednesday, Jan. 23, 2008
Description: 国家航空与航天管理局[美]

NATO - North Atlantic Treaty Organization

Glossary Updated on: Wednesday, Jan. 23, 2008
Description: 北大西洋公约组织

NCAR - National Center for Atmospheric Research

Glossary Updated on: Wednesday, Jan. 23, 2008
Description: 美国国家大气研究中心

NHK - Nihon Hoso Kyokai

Glossary Updated on: Wednesday, Jan. 23, 2008
Description: 日本放送協会
にほんほうそうきょうかい
Japanese Broadcasting Association

NIST - National Institue of Standards & Technology

Glossary Updated on: Wednesday, Sep. 10, 2008
Description: (N/A)

NSF - National Science Foundation

Glossary Updated on: Wednesday, Jun. 4, 2008
Description: (N/A)

NVM - Never Mind

Glossary Updated on: Monday, Mar. 2, 2009
Description: (N/A)

ONS - One-Night Stand

Glossary Updated on: Wednesday, Sep. 10, 2008
Description: 一夜情

OOTO - Out Of The Office

Glossary Updated on: Wednesday, Jul. 28, 2010
Description: (N/A)

PCM - Pulse Code Modulation

Glossary Updated on: Tuesday, Apr. 15, 2008
Description: 脉冲编码调制

PDF - Portable Document Format

Glossary Updated on: Saturday, Apr. 12, 2008
Description: 便攜式文件格式

PDF - Probability Density Function

Glossary Updated on: Saturday, Apr. 12, 2008
Description: 機率密度函數

PITA - Pain In the Ass

Glossary Updated on: Sunday, Mar. 8, 2009
Description: (N/A)

PPRLM - Parallel Phonetic Recognition Language Model

Glossary Updated on: Tuesday, Jul. 1, 2008
Description: (N/A)

PRC - People's Republic of China

Glossary Updated on: Wednesday, Jan. 23, 2008
Description: Chinese Translation:
中华人民共和国

PSMP - Process Safety Management Principles

Glossary Updated on: Wednesday, Jul. 23, 2008
Description: (N/A)

PTO - Paid Time Off

Glossary Updated on: Saturday, Jan. 12, 2008
Description: 翻译成中文就是“带薪休假”。
我现在每年有96小时的PTO时间，也就是每年96/8=12天的带薪休假日。我都不知道应该怎样去安排这些假期，应该是跟这边的同事、朋友、或者其他认识的Pie们一起出去玩。也曾想过回家一趟，不过来回的机票着实很贵的样子。
更多解释请参考：
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PTO_-_Paid_Time_Off
http://club.pchome.net/topic_1_15_1833294.html

RIFF - Resource Interchange File Format

Glossary Updated on: Monday, May. 26, 2008
Description: (N/A)

RISC - Reduced Instruction Set Computing

Glossary Updated on: Friday, Nov. 21, 2008
Description: (N/A)

RMB - Ren Min Bi

Glossary Updated on: Wednesday, Jan. 23, 2008
Description: 人民币

ROC- Republic Of China

Glossary Updated on: Wednesday, Jan. 23, 2008
Description: (N/A)

RPWT - Ren Pin Wen Ti

Glossary Updated on: Thursday, Jan. 10, 2008
Description: I found this definition from (interesting)
http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Transwiki:Rpwt

RPWT is internet slang: a Chinese Pinyin abbreviation which is "ren pin wen ti" (人品问题). RPWT is often used to imply moral corruption or degradation of a person in Chinese Internet forums. In Chinese it means there is a moral problem of one's character.

RSV3 - Rosetta Stone Version 3

Glossary Updated on: Friday, Feb. 1, 2008
Description: http://www.rosettastone.com

RTOS - Real Time Operating System

Glossary Updated on: Sunday, Nov. 30, 2008
Description: (N/A)

SAMPA - Speech Assessment Methods Phonetic Alphabet

Glossary Updated on: Friday, Apr. 11, 2008
Description: (N/A)

SAR - Special Administrative Region

Glossary Updated on: Thursday, Jan. 24, 2008
Description: (N/A)

SARS - Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome

Glossary Updated on: Thursday, Jan. 24, 2008
Description: Wiki:
http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9A%B4%E9%87%8D%E6%80%A5%E6%80%A7%E5%91%BC%E5%90%B8%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E7%B6%9C%E5%90%88%E7%97%87
严重急性呼吸系统综合症（英文：Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome，SARS），是非典型肺炎（中國大陸簡稱非典）的一种。在病症的病原体被确定后，世界卫生组织根据病症的特点而定名为“严重急性呼吸道综合症”。也有媒体将该病按英文简称SARS音译为萨斯病、沙斯病、沙士或煞斯病。由於SARS與香港特區之英文簡稱HKSAR相近，港府曾有一段時間稱該病毒為「SRS」，把代表急性的"A"刪去。 SARS病毒是武尔班尼（Carlo Urbani）发现的。武尔班尼是世界卫生组织的意大利医生。他在越南研究本病毒时受到了感染，其后于2003年3月在泰国不治殉职。研究指出，本病是由一种以前未被发现的冠状病毒科成员所引起的，应该是由已被感染的人所咳出的飞沫传染，传染需要靠近的接触。此病平均引致7%－15%的病患者死亡。但具体数字，根据世界卫生组织的数据，各地都不相同。WHO同时警告，该病死亡率在未来有可能达到15%。不同年龄段的死亡率为：24岁和以下人群死亡率为1%，25到44岁死亡率为 6%，45到64岁死亡率15%，65岁以上的死亡率则超过50%。

SASE - Self Addressed Stamped Envelope

Glossary Updated on: Wednesday, Jan. 23, 2008
Description: (N/A)

SFTP - Secure File Transfer Protocol

Glossary Updated on: Tuesday, May. 20, 2008
Description: (N/A)

SOB - Son Of a Bitch

Glossary Updated on: Thursday, Oct. 16, 2008
Description: (N/A)

SPINE - Speech Processing In Noisy Enviroments

Glossary Updated on: Thursday, Sep. 11, 2008
Description: DARPA Project

SSH - Secure SHell

Glossary Updated on: Tuesday, May. 20, 2008
Description: (N/A)

SSN - Social Security Number

Glossary Updated on: Tuesday, Apr. 8, 2008
Description: (N/A)

STD - Sexually Transmitted Disease

Glossary Updated on: Friday, Apr. 11, 2008
Description: 性传播疾病

TC++PL - The C++ Programming Language

Glossary Updated on: Friday, May. 9, 2008
Description: C++ Classic Book "The C++ Programming Language" by Bjarne Stroustrup, the designer and implementor of C++ Programming Language.

TESOL - Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages

Glossary Updated on: Wednesday, Mar. 19, 2008
Description: (N/A)

TGIF - Thank God, It's Friday!

Glossary Updated on: Tuesday, Dec. 25, 2007
Description: (N/A)

TOEFL - Test Of English as a Foreign Language

Glossary Updated on: Wednesday, Aug. 27, 2008
Description: (N/A)

TOPIK - Test Of Proficiency In Korean

Glossary Updated on: Wednesday, Aug. 27, 2008
Description: Hangul: 한국어능력시험
Hanja: 韓國語能力試驗
Revised Romanization: hangugeo neungnyeok siheom

TTYL - Talk To You Later

Glossary Updated on: Tuesday, Dec. 25, 2007
Description: (N/A)

UCLA - University of California at Los Angeles

Glossary Updated on: Wednesday, Sep. 10, 2008
Description: 加州大学洛杉矶分校

UFO - Unidentified Flying Object

Glossary Updated on: Thursday, Jan. 24, 2008
Description: (N/A)

UPS - United Parcel Service

Glossary Updated on: Tuesday, Jan. 29, 2008
Description: http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%81%94%E5%90%88%E5%8C%85%E8%A3%B9%E6%9C%8D%E5%8A%A1%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8

联合包裹服务公司（United Parcel Service, Inc.，縮寫為UPS，在台灣所使用的官方命名為美商優比速公司）（NYSE：UPS），世界最大的包裹快递公司。总部位于美国佐治亚州亚特兰大，每天在全世界200多个国家递送的包裹超过1480万个。最近，UPS将其业务范围扩大到了物流和其它与运输相关的领域。

UPS以其褐色的卡车而闻名，在美国，它就是包裹车的代名词。UPS使用在其车辆和制服上这种褐色被称为“普式褐”，这个称号的来由是因为乔治·普尔曼创建的普式公司的卧铺车厢使用的就是这种颜色。UPS还拥有自己的航空公司（IATA:5X；ICAO:UPS）。

UPS的主要竞争对手有美國郵政服務（USPS）、联邦快递（FedEx）和DHL（敦豪)。过去，UPS在廉价的地面快递市场中的竞争对手只有美国邮政服务，但不久前，联邦快递在收购了道路包裹系统公司（Roadway Package System）后也加入了进来。同时，DHL也收购了空运快递公司（Airborne Express）。此次收购增加了DHL在美国的市场占有率，也将进一步加剧地面快递市场的竞争。

USA - United States of America

Glossary Updated on: Wednesday, Jan. 23, 2008
Description: Chinese Translation:
美利坚合众国

USCIS - US Citizenship and Immigration Services

Glossary Updated on: Monday, Mar. 24, 2008
Description: (N/A)

USD - United States Dollar

Glossary Updated on: Wednesday, Jan. 23, 2008
Description: I Like It.

USPS - United States Postal Service

Glossary Updated on: Tuesday, Jan. 29, 2008
Description: (N/A)

USSR - Union of Soviet Socialist Republics

Glossary Updated on: Wednesday, Jan. 23, 2008
Description: Chinese Translation:
苏维埃社会主义共和国联盟[苏联]

WCB - Will Call Back

Glossary Updated on: Tuesday, Jan. 29, 2008
Description: (N/A)

WHO - World Health Organization

Glossary Updated on: Wednesday, Jan. 23, 2008
Description: 世界卫生组织

WPS - Word Processing System

Glossary Updated on: Saturday, Apr. 12, 2008
Description: 文字处理系统（Kingsoft）

XML - eXtensible Markup Language

Glossary Updated on: Thursday, Aug. 14, 2008
Description: (N/A)

XSLT - XML Stylesheet Language Transformations

Glossary Updated on: Thursday, Sep. 11, 2008
Description: (N/A)

Hi hackers, please don't attack my homepage. I'm just posting my thoughts and ideas about my work and life. Thank you so much!
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